8/23/2023 0 Comments 1800 got junk pricing sheetBent Company operated in Milton and sold these items to Civil War re-enactors and others until 2018. Bent's company later sold the original hardtack crackers used by troops during the American Civil War. Since the journey took months, hardtack, which could be kept a long time, was stored in the wagon trains. These were also used extensively as a source of food by the gold prospectors who migrated to the gold mines of California in 1849. In 1801, Josiah Bent began a baking operation in Milton, Massachusetts, selling " water crackers", biscuits made of flour and water that would not deteriorate during long sea voyages from the port of Boston. Hardtack, crumbled or pounded fine and used as a thickener, was a key ingredient in New England seafood chowders from the late 1700s. By at least 1731, it was officially codified in Naval regulation that each sailor was rationed one pound (0.45 kg 450 g) of biscuit per day. In 1665, Samuel Pepys first regularized naval victualing in the Royal Navy with varied and nutritious rations, to include "one pound daily of good, clean, sweet, sound, well-baked and well-conditioned wheaten biscuit". Because it is dry and hard, hardtack (when properly stored and transported) will survive rough handling and temperature extremes. For long voyages, hardtack was baked four times, rather than the more common two, and prepared six months before sailing. Because it was baked hard, it would stay intact for years if kept dry. Īs the hardtack biscuits softened with time due to exposure to humidity and other weather element, they became more palatable, so the bakers in the 12th century made biscuits as hard as possible. For sustenance and health, eating a biscuit daily was considered good for one's constitution. Some 5th century BCE physicians, such as Hippocrates, associated most medical problems with digestion. The more refined captain's biscuit was made with finer flour. King Richard I of England left for the Third Crusade (1189–1192) with "biskit of muslin", which was a mixed grain compound of barley, bean flour, and rye. Egyptian sailors carried a flat brittle loaf of millet bread called dhourra cake, while the Romans had a biscuit called bucellatum. The introduction of the baking of processed cereals, including the creation of flour, provided a more reliable source of food. Australian and New Zealand military personnel knew them with some sarcasm as ANZAC wafers (not to be confused with Anzac biscuit). It is known by other names including brewis (possibly a cognate with " brose"), cabin bread, pilot bread, sea biscuit, soda crackers, sea bread (as rations for sailors), ship's biscuit, or pejoratively as dog biscuits, molar breakers, sheet iron, tooth dullers, armor plates (Germany) and worm castles. The earliest use of the term recorded by the Oxford English Dictionary is from 1830. The name is derived from "tack", the British sailor slang for food. Along with salt pork and corned beef, hardtack was a standard ration for many militaries and navies from the 17th through the early 20th centuries. It is used for sustenance in the absence of perishable foods, commonly during long sea voyages, land migrations, and military campaigns. Hardtack is inexpensive and long-lasting. Hardtack (or hard tack) is a type of dense biscuit or cracker made from flour, water, and sometimes salt.
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